In Jail
You are a prisoner in jail with two inmates- Barry and Albert. You are placed in a straight, forward-facing line by the guard who has two white and three black hats which he places on your heads. You do not know which color hat is on your head.
The guard gives all three of you the opportunity to be released, but only on one condition. One of you can guess your true hat color. Albert goes first, then Barry, and then you. You superstar. You did, and you are all released. But how did you do it? Let’s think through that process a little more carefully…